How Veal Crates Are Used in Factory Farms

How Veal Crates Are Used in Factory Farms Perhaps the greatest contention made by non-vegans is that dairy isn't hurtful to the creatures since the creature shouldn't be murdered for dairy items. Be that as it may, to basic entitlements activists, taking milk directly from the moms bosoms from an infant anything is disgusting. Would it be advisable for us to deny an infant the nourishment he needs to become just so people can drink it and get fat and loaded down with cholesterol? Veal in the Dairy Industry That is not the most exceedingly terrible of it. Veal is a result of the dairy business. Like all warm blooded animals, female dairy animals must be maintained continually pregnant in control to lactate. In a procedure called renewing, female dairy animals, called wet bovines in the wake of conceiving an offspring, are kept unnaturally lactating to expand their milk creation. Male calves are taken from their moms during childbirth since they are not valuable for milk creation. These calves are transformed into veal. Some female calves are additionally transformed into veal since they are not required for dairy creation. The overabundance dairy calves are an inappropriate variety to be valuable for hamburger creation, so they are generally butchered for veal when they are somewhere in the range of 8 and four months old.â Why Veal Production and Crates Are Controversial Veal containers are utilized in industrial facility cultivating to keep dairy calves. The calves are tied and need more space to move or pivot in a container that estimates 22 by 54 inches. Veal creation is questionable on the grounds that numerous individuals view the outrageous repression as exorbitantly brutal. The cases are so little, the creatures can't pivot. This keeps their muscles delicate and unused which creates the pale, sickly meat shoppers request. Additionally, the calves are taken care of an engineered recipe rather than their mothers’ milk, this equation needs iron, and causes an assortment of medical issues. Water is retained so the calves will hunger for the equation. The equation has a purgative impact, so the calves are tormented with the runs which causes agonizing squeezing, yet additionally genuine rashes down their legs where the fecal issue, which contains stomach corrosive in it, consumes their skin. Their rectums are additionally excruciating, consuming and swollen. The technique whereby veal is made is unfeeling to such an extent, that many illuminated non-veggie lovers have stayed away from veal totally on the grounds that they realize they would never appreciate a dinner when the creature on their plates endured intensely.â To make an already difficult situation even worse, dairy animals are related with parenthood since they are more adoring their children than a Jewish mother with her child. Bovines have been spotted with tears running down their appearances when they hear their calves weeping for their mothers.â While some creature advocates work to boycott the utilization of veal cases, the butcher of any creature for food is contradictory to basic entitlements, paying little mind to how much room the creatures have when they are alive. Instances of Anti-Veal Crate Initiatives Californias Prop 2, a voting form activity that was endorsed by California voters in 2008, prohibited the utilization of veal cases and produced results in 2015. The Animal Law Resource Center proposed a model bill and presents a past filled with enactment tending to veal cases. Altered by Michelle A. Rivera, Animal Expert

Research Paper on Modern Gadgets Essay Example

Research Paper on Modern Gadgets Essay A contraption is an advanced gadget that contains the impressive extent of engaging capacities/it is expected for amusement and, generally speaking, has conservative measurements. Present day devices incorporate cell phones, melodic players, different convenient gaming reassures, and so on. The most veracious variant of the word contraption cause alludes to the French word gache (clasp, neckline) and its small structure gachette (section, neckline). Initially gache implied a fasten (evidently, similarly as with peg) and got from Nitherl. gesp, gespe (clasp, clip) describing the ability of securing the gadgets. On the off chance that you concentrate some free example look into papers on current contraptions you will comprehend that a significant component of the advanced devices is their compactness: the heaviness of a regular device doesn't surpass 300 grams, and their measurements permit the proprietor to place them in the pockets. We will compose a custom article test on Research Paper on Modern Gadgets explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Paper on Modern Gadgets explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Paper on Modern Gadgets explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In more extensive sense, present day devices are little electronic gadgets that infiltrated in practically all circles of our life during the most recent couple of years. They hear, see, sing, tell and do the load of other easily overlooked details without which we can't live any longer. The greater part of the cutting edge contraption pretty much began from figuring and nano advances: electronic segments got smaller, scaled down information stockpiling gadgets and new kinds of communicators appeared and the procedure goes on. A fixed recording device developed first into a tape player, and afterward into a MP3 player with a glimmer drive. A video recorder turned into a media player. Huge figuring machines were introduced in general new pleiad of new little family members: note pads, net-books, tablets and pocket PCs. As of now referenced, the vast majority of devices roosted almost a PC. Starting from the mug, associated by means of USB-port and warming tea for the proprietor and winding up with interesting creative mind video-glasses mimicking 100-inch show utilizing 3d innovation. Pens-dictaphones, glasses with worked in camcorder, brilliant watches†¦ they suite each request and tote. Maybe, the pinnacle of the devices advancement today is communicators. These are helpful and extremely conservative gadgets permitting the proprietor to peruse a record whenever and anyplace, to tune in to music at your interest, to peruse your preferred destinations on the Internet †easier than straightforward. To call, shoot video, make an effort and offer it with your companions; watch a film, purchase a ticket, and play on the web, this and much more in such a minimized gadget. It is a genuine focus of amusement and correspondence in your pocket. Notwithstanding, their incredible all inclusiveness (a conspicuous bit of leeway, at the principal look) meddles with the ease of use and in this way the mass circulation. It isn't sufficient to have a lot of capacities, it is important to effectively offer it to the client. Not every person is an IT master and many can be stun by the amount of sub-menus and symbols. Is it accurate to say that you are searching for a first class one of a kind research paper about Modern Gadgets? Is privacy as essential to you as the high caliber of the item? Attempt our composing administration at EssayLib.com! We can offer you proficient help at moderate rates. Our accomplished PhD and Master’s journalists are prepared to consider your littlest requests. We promise you 100% legitimacy of your paper and guarantee you of dead on time conveyance. Continue with the request structure:

Team Building and Performance A New Science

Everyone has a story. Whether your bad team experience was in business school or in the workplace, hopefully you’ve been able to draw two things from it: insight on team dynamics (to apply in other collaborations), and a story to tell colleagues during happy hour. Perhaps you were able to pinpoint why your team never gelled, or maybe it was more nebulous and you could never quite put your finger on it. But what if there were a science for determining precisely why teams perform well and others don’t? Researchers from MIT’s Human Dynamics Laboratory published an article earlier this year (in the Harvard Business Review), and the premise of their findings was bold: â€Å"We have identified the elusive group dynamics that categorize high-performing teams.† They didn’t stop there. â€Å"These dynamics are observable, quantifiable, and measurable.† But wait, there’s more: researchers also believe they know how to leverage team data to help struggling and low-performing teams improve. Early on in their study researchers made an interesting observation: when a successful, high-performing team communicated it exhibited a â€Å"buzz,† or â€Å"espirit de corps,† even when researchers were clueless about what members were talking about. This led them to develop the hunch that good communication is a key attribute of a successful team (no surprise there), but more importantly, its the way in which members communicate that matters most – not the contents of their discussions. Researchers decided to dig deeper into the ways teams communicate; they chose teams to observe from companies where they could gather data on both high and low-performing teams. They outfitted team members with sophisticated electronic badges that could record data on the various ways team members communicated with each other (also known as sociometrics). Some of these included body language, hand gestures, how much members listen and interrupt each other, who they talked to, a nd how frequently. In their analysis, researchers discovered distinct communication patterns among the high and low-performing teams. Impressively, researchers said the patterns were so consistent (even across industries) that they could â€Å"predict a team’s success simply by looking at the data – without ever meeting its members.† This allowed researchers to identify five communication characteristics of a high-performing team: All team members talk and listen â€Å"in roughly equal measure,† and when they do talk, keep their comments concise and to the point. Team members look at one another as they talk, use hand gestures, and are energetic. Team members contact each other, not just the leader. Team members participate in informal conversations with each other (outside of meetings). Team members â€Å"go exploring outside the team† to solicit information or different points of view that they in turn contribute back to the team. Researchers also defined the three main elements of communication among successful teams: energy, engagement and exploration – all of which researchers were able to measure using the badges. Put simply, energy was measured by the number of exchanges between team members (through this researchers found that face-to-face communication was much more valuable than email or text messages). They also found that socialization among team members is key to high performance, â€Å"often accounting for more than 50% of positive changes in communication patterns.† When energy was distributed pretty equally among teammates, then engagement was very strong.   Successful teams also did not live in a bubble. Members looked for information outside of the team (to bring back), and they also sought connections and established relationships with other teams. Researchers realized that they needed to make the data insights they were uncovering on teams more palatable. That way teams could clearly see for themselves what was going well, or not so well, in their communication patterns. To do this, researchers mapped out the data they collected into simple graphs. If team members appeared unengaged in a graph, for example, researchers would drill deeper into individual badge data. Were team members â€Å"trying to contribute and being ignored or cut off?† or â€Å"do they cut others off and not listen?† Researchers found that after teams saw their communication patterns visually – and absorbed the disconnects – there were rapid improvements in communication. This in turn led to better performance and improved productivity, which the researchers confirmed after running â€Å"feedback loops† with teams and measuring the results afterwards (using key performance indicators). But researchers are not done. They are working on improving the badges, refining their processes, and developing tools that will help them measure teams (and individuals) more effectively. And they have a vision. They’d like to see the badges become ubiquitous around workplaces, and they’d like to go beyond communication to identify patterns in related areas like leadership and negotiations. They also believe their findings will play a role in re-thinking the office environment and the primary ways teams communicate with each other – particularly those that are based in different parts of the world. Kickstart your career with Hults undergraduate business school. To find out more, take a look at our blog Hult scores in top 20 in The Economist’s Which MBA? ranking for 2019. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to learn about the business world, the future, and yourself. Related posts Academics Beyond (narrow) business concepts: â€Å"Soft† skills turn out to be critical skills News Building success: Dual Degree students win at USASBE Community How going beyond business at Hult helped me launch my company Admissions Accepted Students Weekend: A weekend to remember Careers Career mapping: How to become an executive in the next 5 years 0 Thought leadership How to prepare for an uncertain future in a world of AI Instagram Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

The Immigration Trends Over Time - 904 Words

Talon Couch Steven Fountain / History 150 Region Assignment December 11th, 2014 Region: Southern California Regions across the United States have been changed dramatically by the immigration trends over time. The region of Southern California is no different. When the people in an area change that areas culture is going to change as well, southern California is a great example of that. Yet while changes in history do not change the physical lay out of the area it does affect the culture tremendously. The culture in Southern California specificly is a mix of multiple people making it extremely diverse depending on the area that you are in. The history of this area makes the culture different from other regions due to the change from†¦show more content†¦Immigration through many decades has made Southern California the melting pot of culture that it is today. To use Los Angeles as an example, which has a population of just over ten million the mix of races in that area shows us that immigration has been a large part of culture change. Forty eight percent of Los Angeles s population are Chicano, which would be due to the fact that it use to be Mexico, as well as the large movement north of Mexicans today. Another minority group that is a fairly large percent in Los Angeles is Asian. Fifteen percent of the population is Asian, which would be due to the large movement of Asians to the U.S after the Vietnam war. The largest group in the area of Los Angeles is still white. Nearly eighty percent say that they are part white. The white population in Los Angeles is mainly because of the gold rush, which brought over many Americans to the area. Food is a major part of any cultures identity. The foods that are eaten in Southern California have the influence of the Mexican, Asian, and eastern Americans, as well as other groups. These three groups of people make the cuisine of Southen California much more diverse than many others. The Mexican influence on the food is probably the one thing that seperates this region from many others. With a pop ulation of Hispanics being so large it only

Essay on Hobbes as a Social Covenant Theorist - 999 Words

Hobbes as a Social Covenant Theorist Throughout the assigned portions of the Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes proves to be a social contract theorist, however inconsistently. Through his explanation of humanity extracting itself out of the state of Nature, by developing rules pertaining to property and contract, by means of the creation of a Sovereign, or Common Wealth, he clearly elucidates the basic concepts of social contract theory. In order to fully grasp Hobbes theory of Social Contract, one must first become familiar with his basic premises of The State of Nature. In this state each individual is inherently in a perpetual state of war, due to several given reasons. Hobbes assumes that Nature hath made men#8230;equall.†¦show more content†¦Expressed by Hobbes, And therefore, as long as this naturall Right of everyman to every thing endureth there can be no security to any man, of living out the time, which Nature ordinarily alloweth men to live. (Hobbes 190) In addition to this most inconvenient physical state of nature, Hobbes elaborates upon the mutuall transferring of right. (Hobbes 192) It is necessary for men to enter into contracts, a mutual agreement made by individuals in order to exchange the right to the thing. (Hobbes 193) Things can range from deciding on peace between two quarreling parties, with demands and peaceful sacrifices from both ends, to an agreement between two merchants for goods and services. At times it is necessary for one of the Contractors to, deliver the Thing contracted for on his part, and leave the other to perform his part at some determinate time after. (Hobbes 193) Thusly, forming this covenant, which promises that a good or service of some sort will be awarded to one of the contractors at a future time. However, in the state of nature, there exists absolutely no assurance that ones contracts or covenants will be upheld. Hobbes argues that it is in everymans best interest to not fulfill his en d of the bargain, as it were. Therefore, due to his feare of not performance on either part, men are driven, by their own suspicions to create a coercive power, or sovereign, to regulate their contractual agreements andShow MoreRelatedThomas Hobbes and John Locke Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesHobbes and Locke John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were famous political Theorists among other things in their time. Hobbes who was born 40 years before Locke had a very different perspective to Locke and both will be examined more through this essay. Even though many of there theories were different in the sixteenth century Hobbes and Locke s theories became closer as the rise of the state and decline of the feudal system brought about the question of authority. 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Paiboc Letter for Donation-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp.com

Question: Write a letter to a Company of your choice requesting a Monetary or in- kind donation on behalf of Mnchner Tafel a NGO (Non-Profit Organization) located here in Munich. Answer: To: Google From: Mnchner Tafel Subject: Monetary or In-kind donation request Sir, We are sure you would agree that it is our responsibility in the society, to hold the hands of the people in dark and drag them in the light. This is our primary purpose in Mnchner Tafel to serve for the people in crisis. Therefore, we are asking for help from your esteemed company, who are always there to help people in need worldwide. We are seeking monetary or in-kind donation from you and your employees, who want to serve for people in need in their own city. Our NGO is a nonprofit organization and work for the education and welfare of the children. There are thousands of refugee kids from Syria crisis, who need our helping hand to overcome their pain and sorrow and achieve something in life. We are going to build a small school from this monetary donation for these Syrian kids who are suddenly out of their home and country in an unknown nation with nothing left with them. This school will benefit them to grow as a human. People may objectify our goal for these refugee kids, rather than the in-house problems of Germany. However, our believe is that we just have one world and such crisis cannot be bound within territories or states. Hence, in this context, our request is for you and your employees to provide us some monetary or In-kind donation to help these kids in crisis. Sincerely Date:

Vision of Changes in McDonalds

Table of Contents Introduction Application Analysis Lessons Learned Reference List Introduction The application of change initiatives in business is as important as in any other branch of human activity. Sooner or later every company encounters necessity of applying changes in the organization due to changes that take place in the areas such as technology, corporate governance, evaluation of leadership competencies, and other concepts related to the sector of business including marketing strategies and sustainable competitive advantage.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vision of Changes in McDonalds specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More So, the strategic change initiative should be thoroughly planned in order to result in successful changes in future regarding the period when changes should be implemented. One of the strategic change initiatives includes vision of the changes with regard to the vision statement whi ch shapes the whole strategy for changes, mission statement which justifies the reasons for change and indicates the highest point to strive for; finally, the change strategy is the set of approaches that should be used to reach the goals stated in the mission or at least to approximate to those. The changes that should be introduced in McDonalds concern the attitude of customers, reputation of the company, and reaction of staff members. Application Analysis As suggested by Palmer, Dunford, and Akin (2008), each change implemented in organization should have its own image and should be built in accordance with a certain strategic change initiative vision. So, the application of changes with regard to vision of these changes should be analyzed in order to evaluate effectively the effects expected from this change, the way the change was applied, the attitude of employees in the process of implementation and final results of the change application. In other words, it is necessary to t ake into account the change outcomes expected to be reached after application of strategic change initiative as reported by (Palmer, Dunford, and Akin, 2008), they can be intended (p. 25), partially intended or unintended (p. 26). Thus, the change that should be introduced in McDonalds can be considered intended or partially intended regarding the nature of external factors that can shift priorities and attitude of employees including their understanding of importance of changes applied to this business.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lessons Learned The application of strategic change initiative requires certain sense of the situation because the change can be partially intended or unintended due to external factors and lack of underground for implementation of theoretical issues into practice. Besides, what is good for one business in terms of competitive advantage or cor porate governance is not applicable to another business due to relation with customers, engagement of personnel, and other concepts. A practicing manager could create a plan for application of strategic change initiatives with the help of vision concepts including vision statement, mission statement, and strategy in terms of approaches suitable for the case. The more thorough is the plan of application, the more successful can be its application to business because a practicing manager should identify some risks that can occur and be ready to solve problems related to strategic change initiatives application. The strategic change initiative was applied in accordance with the plan including identification of vision and mission statements, and selection of approaches necessary for effective reaching of intended change outcomes. Some mistakes that could occur in this situation could be fixed with the help of a detailed analysis of every step taken before the changes occurred and identi fication of mistakes. Reference List Palmer, I., Dunford, R., Akin, G. (2008). Managing organizational change. 2nd ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill. This essay on Vision of Changes in McDonalds was written and submitted by user Julieta Estes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Complete Guide to a Geology Term Paper

The Complete Guide to a Geology Term Paper Students are sometimes required to write a term paper at the end of their school semester. It is usually designed to enable the instructors to assess and track the students’ knowledge of the course. It is important to note that a term paper is somehow different from an essay as it needs extensive research and technical writing skills. An instructor expects a paper that is well-researched, analytical, organized, and generally well-written. With the help of these skills, a student can write a term paper that can show that they have acquired the needed knowledge. A term paper is easy to write as long as a student follows the basic steps needed to complete such papers. This geology term paper guide offers a step-by-step process that can be used to write an excellent term paper. However, it is important to take into account the needs of the instructor. How to Start a Winning Term Paper: Best Picks from Our Writers Selection of Geology Term Paper Topic The first step is to select an appropriate topic for the geology term paper. At times, an instructor provides a specific topic that should be covered in a term paper. In such a case, the topic cannot be changed, and the student can move forward with the other steps. The other scenario is when students are required to pick a topic on their own. In this case, students can use various strategies to select a suitable issue. An example is where a student elects to examine geologic materials in the library and brainstorm ideas for a suitable topic. Nevertheless, it would be appropriate for them to select a topic in areas where they are interested in or that can be useful for their future careers. Choosing an interesting topic can be a good recipe for writing a good term paper. Here are some sample topics in geology term paper writing you can discuss: Analysis of the Processes Involved in the Formation of a Coral Reef; Exploration of Underlying Activities in Volcanism; The Impact of the Hydrologic Cycle on Agricultural Activities; Analysis of Anthropogenic Activities Contributing to Climate Change; How the Process of Weathering Varies According to the Geographical Location. Researching the Sources The chosen topic will guide the student on the resources that will be needed to complete the term paper. The materials for the research can be obtained from the school library or online databases. In both cases, it is important to come up with keywords that can make it easier to obtain relevant sources within a short time. Students should follow the instructor’s guideline in the selection of suitable sources. For instance, the instructor might need to use only scholarly sources. In such a case, only books and journal articles should be used in the research. If there is no such requirement, students can be free to use information from other reliable sources such as government websites, for example. Journal articles usually have information that is specific, while books tend to focus on a more general audience. It is important to group the chosen articles based on the similarities in their concepts. Obtaining Knowledge The number of sources that should be used in a paper is dependent on the number of pages. However, there are some cases where the instructor can define the number of external sources in the term paper. Students should not go beyond the instructor’s guidelines. After obtaining all the required sources, they should go to a quiet place where there is no disturbance and start to analyze information. For journal articles, students can obtain the main ideas by examining their abstracts. These are summaries that can provide a better way of understanding the material. This can be followed by reading the entire articles for more detailed information. For books, students are advised to look at the table of contents so as to guide them to the specific information that they might need. They should note down all the vital information as they read through the sources. For a term paper, the process can take a few days depending on the number of pages and required sources. Organizing the Material The information noted should be organized before it is used in the term paper. It would be better to identify important themes to make the analysis of the materials easier. Information from the sources should be grouped according to the themes. For a geology term paper, the themes can be used to build up sections and subsections of the paper. Students should find as many of them as possible but within the limited topic and number of pages. At the end of this process, they should be ready to start writing the term paper. However, it is important to identify the thesis statement that will be used to focus it on the specific concepts as shown below. Thesis Statement/Statement of Purpose After completing the research process, it is vital to look back on the topic and identify the strongest idea or ideas that will be discussed in the paper. This is an assertion that the student will make it clear to the instructor or reader about what they expect to learn in the paper. This is the spine of the paper and all the conclusions will be anchored here. For a term paper, it is also allowable for students to use a purpose statement to show the direction of the paper. Nevertheless, students should provide enough room for flexibility in case they might want to make some changes in the course of writing. They can go back and adjust the thesis or purpose statement as necessary. When all the elements have been covered, the students will be set to complete the first draft of the term paper based on the outline provided below. Is the Outline an Essential Part? Title Page and Abstract The title page and abstract can be completed at the end of the paper. The format of the title page can differ depending on the formatting style used or the requirements of the instructor. However, standard title pages should have the title of the paper, the name of the student, class, and submission date. After completing the title page, the student should write the abstract or executive summary. It is important to note that the summary is quite different from the conclusion or introduction. Some students have a tendency of copying some information from the conclusion to the abstract. It is important to note that an abstract is a brief review that presents a term paper and the most important points or findings. The reader should be able to understand the entire paper by reading only the abstract. That is why it should be completed at the end of the paper. Introduction In a geologic term paper, the introduction provides some background information about the topic that is going to be discussed. If the topic is about the formation of coral islands, the students should provide some information about corals and their role in the marine system. Besides, they should include information that will inform the reader about the value or worthiness of the research. In other words, the author should justify the reason why the topic is important to be investigated and what he or she is trying to achieve in the end. For example, a geology research can be used to assist the local people to determine better ways to preserve their natural ecosystems. At the end of the introduction, the student should provide the statement of purpose or goals to show the author the specific focus of the paper. By the end of the paper, the audience should be content that the goals stated in the introduction were adequately addressed. Main Body The body is where the topic is discussed in details. Short term papers can be completed through a series of paragraphs. However, students are recommended to separate long term papers into sections using appropriate headings. The heading should be relevant and reflect the information below them. In some cases, students might want to use subheadings to show main subject discussions. The sections and subsections should be simple to write because they are based on the themes obtained from research. Each paragraph should start with a claim that will be supported through outside sources. All the outside information needs to be paraphrased before it is included in the text. If direct quotations are used, they should be minimized as well as properly cited. Besides, information cited within the term paper should be minimized and the bulk of the information should be the student’s analysis. Overall, the body paragraphs should satisfy the reader by piecing together the evidence and makin g logical statements and arguments. Conclusion The purpose of the conclusion is to consolidate the result of the discussion and provide a summary of the issues that emerged in the process. It should show the reader the implications of the results in the larger context. For example, the reader can conclude that the continued deterioration of the coral reefs will affect the marine ecosystems in the long term. In other words, the conclusion should focus on the bigger picture. It is vital to note that whereas the abstract focuses on the smaller picture of the study, the conclusion focuses on the implications of the outcome in the larger context. However, there are cases where information in the abstract and conclusion can overlap. At the end of the conclusion, a student is expected to provide a statement about the future of the topic that has been discussed. This can be in the form of a recommendation on further research that will have to be performed. Reference List The reference section provides a list of all the sources that a student referenced in the term paper. It is important to take into account the formatting style when creating the references. For example, the way references are cited in the American Psychological Association (APA) is different from the Modern Language Association (MLA), Chicago, or Harvard styles. Each of these styles has its own format that should be followed strictly when referencing. Referencing also differs based on the type of source. For example, the format used for journal articles is different from that of books, periodicals, websites, films, etc. Hence, it is important for a student to understand the style that should be used in the term paper. Nevertheless, the reference list at the end of the paper should be clear, complete, and consistent in style. It will guide the reader on the relevance and credibility of the sources used to support the paper. Appendix The appendix should be used to offer additional information that is more detailed and used to support the body of the text. This is the information that would make the term paper untidy and disorganized if it is included in the main text. Some of the information that can be placed in the appendix includes charts, tables, statistics, maps, and many others. The tables and figures included in the appendices are those that are usually more than one page. Otherwise, those that are short should be embedded in the text. It is important to note that information in the appendix should not stand-alone. It needs to be clearly referenced and explained in the body of the text. The final step is to proofread the paper before it is submitted to the instructor. This process should involve checking for typos and spelling mistakes that might be present in the paper. There are many words that are commonly misspelled in geology. For example, the use of the words such as the name of the planet should be capitalized irrespective of where it is used in a sentence. It is also one of the most valuable geology term paper tips to take a break of about one day before proofreading the paper. That would allow the student to identify errors that might not be easy to recognize. References: Chin, P. (2013). Academic writing skills. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fogiel, M. (2009). REAs quick easy guide to writing your A+ term paper. Piscataway, N.J.: Research Education Association. McLean, M. (2011). Essays term papers. Pompton Plains, NJ: Career Press. Oreopoulos, P., Brown, R., Lavecchia, A. (2014). Pathways to education. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research. Sorenson, S. (2010). Websters New World student writing handbook. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub.

Zara and Ready Meals Case Study Individual Report Essay

Zara and Ready Meals Case Study Individual Report - Essay Example The problem arose mainly because of centralized stock ordering system, which was being practiced by Strutt. There is a change in the stock ordering and delivery system, which sees the losses tremendously reduced, and a significant improvement in customer satisfaction. Before and after Status of Ready Meals Case The initial system is flawed with extensive variations of the orders demanded. Strutt provided a provision all week long order and a final order the day before the intended deliveries. These two orders varied a lot at times even by over 50% and this resulted in an inconvenience to Ready Meals. There were also penalties associated with lateness of delivering the orders by Ready Meals. The Strutt demand of the food was also very uncertain. Ready Meals could not plan itself on what it would deliver more than a day before. This coupled with the fact that Ready Meals had to make small packaging led to an extended lead-time and this in turn led to creation of wastage. Ready Meals se t up stock buffering mechanisms to counter this effect of fluctuation of orders by Strutt. Buffering mechanisms was used in the supply of the sauces. This helped in mainstreaming the supply; however, the sauces have a life span of only five days and the keeping of excess stock led to wastage losses. Another buffer mechanism used by ready Meals to counter the uncertainty in supplying Strutt with food was the buffering of employee working hours. Employees could work for an extra 2 hours without notice and this led to an increased discontentment in the employee fraternity leading to turnovers. Wastage losses were also contributed to by Ready Meals computer system. On reception of provisional orders, Ready Meal would feed this information into their system. When this information was already in the system and the final order comes along, if the final order was less, the computer could not reduce the provisional order to meet the required order. If the final order was more than the provis ional order, the computer could not requisition for the excess rather it requisitioned for the final order in addition to the provisional order. This led to a great variation on the ordered quantity and the produced order. If Ready Meals also failed to deliver a day’s order, the computer would assume that the order was lost and make another order, which it would compensate for, by a lower order the following day. In the new system, a weekly schedule was set on Fridays with fixed daily deliveries for the following week. This was also found to not need changing from week to week apart from gradual seasonal adjustments. Threat of penalties was also removed and Strutt’s shelf life was increased by RM promising to dispatch on the day of production and supply the early rather than late delivery into the depots. Finally, the depot location was specified on the same day rather than 2 days before delivery, thereby enabling the packaging quantities to be in line with store requi rements and, therefore, avoiding depot delays in trans-shipment. This new system removed the variation in the quantities ordered and those delivered thereby reducing wastage for Ready Meals to zero. The uncertainty, which had earlier been created by the two orders placed by Strutt, was also removed. This is

Death and Gender in Othello Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Death and Gender in Othello - Research Paper Example Desdemona dies, because of lies and jealousy, as well as racial and gender discrimination. Iago misrepresents many people, so that he can advance his own interests and to take revenge against Cassio and Othello. Othello promotes Cassio instead of Iago, which angers the latter who thinks he is more deserving than Cassio. Iago, with revenge in mind, manipulates people's vulnerabilities or weaknesses, making him â€Å"perhaps Shakespeare’s consummate villain† (Foster 2). Iago is â€Å"evil† enough to not even have any motivation of hating and killing Othello. Foster believes that not being promoted is only the tipping point of Iago's hatred for Iago. Foster argues: â€Å"It is Othello’s candor, openness, and spontaneous, generous love that Iago finds offensive† (2). Suggesting that Othello only seduced his wife indicates Iago's corrupted soul. Iago treats people as victims or tools, and in many ways, he is the â€Å"classical Renaissance atheist,† who is cunning and beyond morality, as he finds it rewarding to darken that which is pure (Foster 2). He knows that his actions can endanger him too, but he trusts in his wits to save him (Foster 2). Iago thinks that his main purpose in life is to be the darkness to people's goodness. And Othello, with his racial and cultural difference, is the perfect target for the dark-spirited Iago. Iago specifically lies about Othello, Cassio, and Desdemona, because he has a corrupted nature with hatred and bitterness in his heart. Iago initially misrepresents Othello to Brabantio, a Venetian senator and Desdemona's father. Iago uses racism to encourage Brabantio to kill Othello. He tells Desdemona's father that Othello seduced her daughter, as if it is impossible for a white woman to love a Moor. Iago gives Brabantio a strong racist image: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram/Is topping your white ewe...† (Shakespeare Act 1, Scene 1). Iago uses pathos to evoke an emotional response from Brabantio. Iago also connives with Roderigo, who wants to steal Desdemona from Othello. Iago, however, is a double spy and he warns Othello of Brabantio's forthcoming allegations and actions. This warning, nevertheless, is Iago's way of reinforcing Othello's trust in him, so that he can further damage the latter. Iago also lies to Roderigo that he is loyal to him. Roderigo only wants Desdemona and since he knows that Iago hates Othello, he has an ally. Roderigo also sends gifts to Desdemona to woo her, but Iago keeps these gifts for himself. Iago appears to be helping Roderigo to win Desdemona's heart, but he only lures him into his web of lies. In this web, the main goal is to kill all those who have â€Å"mistreated† him- Othello and Cassio. Since Othello loves Desdemona, she must also suffer too. Iago also misrepresents Cassio to Othello. Iago even uses his wife, Emily, to use Desdemona's handkerchief as the visual proof of her infidelity. Desdemona accident ally drops her handkerchief that Othello gave to her. Emilia picks it up, and Iago uses that to engender doubt in Othello's mind. When Othello asks Iago for evidence that Desdemona is no longer faithful to him, Iago says that he slept in Cassio’s room and heard Cassio mention sweet words about Desdemona. He says that he had seen Cassio using Desdemona's handkerchief too. Rage consumes Othello, who vows to kill Cassio. He

Consequences Of An Older Population Research Paper

Consequences Of An Older Population - Research Paper Example Consequences of an Older Population Diverse studies have been undertaken to closely monitor factors that influence living conditions of a population. With vast developments that have been achieved over the past centuries, medical breakthroughs and improved nutrition, concurrent with other innovative products and services have resulted in an increasing percentage of aging population worldwide. The study conducted by the collaborative agencies on aging under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services revealed that most significant increases in the number of people aged 65 and above were identified in developing nations where the percentage increase is projected to reach 140% by the year 2030 (US DHHS, n.d, 2). It has been the natural desire of humans to live a productive and rewarding life for a long time. However, despite the obvious benefits of a long life, there are consequences that should be evaluated in the light of its impact from various perspectives. In this regard, the current study aims to would proffer pertinent issues on the consequences of an older population. ... Medicaid, Medicare, Disability, Welfare and Supplemental Security Income, and The Older Americans Act). Options that could be helpful in relieving this potential burden, in terms of increased taxes, Social Security reform, and reduction in assistance would also be discussed. Finally, from the information gathered from scholarly sources, the paper would propose viable and validated measures to address the significant onus of an aging population. Causes of an Increasing Aging Population The study conducted by Schrier (n.d.) identified a significant cause for the aging population being â€Å"the long-term historical decline in the fertility of the population. In other words, the falling birth rate is responsible for fewer children in the population, and this, in turn, means that the older age groups will form a larger share† (Schrier, n.d, 3). This was supported by the discourse entitled Demographics of an Aging Population provided a clear explanation for the rationale for popula tion age structures in both mortality and fertility transformations, known as demographic transitions (Demographics, n.d). It was reported that the decline in rates of mortality were contributed by improved medical breakthroughs, immunizations, personal hygiene and public focus on health and cleanliness of the environment, that enabled people to survive from various diseases. On the other hand, fertility rates declined due to an interplay of economic and social factors. The need to generate more income for the family led to women joining the work force thereby leaving lesser time for child bearing and rearing, especially in developed countries. Trends in Global Aging The US DHHS (n.d.) have revealed trends in global aging, to wit: (1) â€Å"the overall

Hardball :: movie essays

Bio: 16 year old high school student Essay: Gambling addict Connor O’Neil ends up deep in debt after he borrows money from almost every loan shop in town to fuel his addiction. In order to pay the mounds of money that he owes, he is requested to coach a little-league baseball team, the Kekambas. At first, Connor doesn’t start off right with the kids and doesn’t see the point of him being there. Even though Connor paid the kids no attention, they were somehow inspired by his presence. Later, He realizes that he must come to grips at what he wants in his life, and ultimately forms a special bond with the kids on the team.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the beginning of the movie, we see Connor O’Neil at his worst. The personality traits he has are reflective of an orange. One of the more positive traits is being able to take decisive action. This can been seen in beginning of the movie, where he is in James’ office, and he immediately decides to coach the Kekambas, after the promise of a steady income. Connor shows that he likes sports, by always watching or betting on basketball games, and baseball games. Another good trait is his ability to solve problems, as he did when there was a shortage in jerseys. He solved this problem by telling G-baby of the shortage, but still letting him stay on the team. He is very much a risk-taker, and loves to live for the moment. This can be proven, as he is constantly gambling in the beginning, even if he needs to borrow money to pay off his huge debts. Connor possesses many typical behaviours of an out-of-esteem orange, as well. First, he uses stimulants, suc h as drugs, alcohol, cigarettes and etc., when things don’t go his way, as seen in first couple of scenes. Second, he is physically aggressive, as shown in the quote, â€Å"no one can kick my ass better than I can†. Third he showed that he wanted to drop out of coaching the Kekambas by saying, â€Å"I’m bailing out†, when he found it uninteresting. Finally, he lied to Ms. Wilks, by saying he was a businessman, who just finished an errand in Canada.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though Connor is wary of coaching at first, he begins to see the harsh reality of the kids’ lives and the nature of being brought up in such a tough neighborhood.

How My Childhood Affected Who I Am Today Essay

Childhood is my most cherished and missed memory. Along with innocence, naivety, and stress-free enjoyment came safety, and the care of others around me. I believe the person I am today was shaped from living in the neighborhood I grew up in and the people I was surrounded by. During my youth I was lucky enough to live in the town of Webster, New York. From age four to seventeen I lived in a very safe neighborhood. My environment was my life. My adult neighbors were like second parents, babysitting my brother and I, taking all the kids to the beach, making meals and hosting sleepovers. The children were my best friends, and partners in crime. I spent my days taking long walks and bike rides with my next door friends and my younger brother, selling lemonade at the end of my driveway, swinging and singing on the infamous swingsets, playing classic games such as hopscotch, four square, and capture the flag. Eat, sleep, and play was our daily routine. We would circle the neighborhood streets day after day, stopping by other nieghbors houses, starting kickball games at the local elementary school, collecting cans to make money. When we were old enough our parents us allowed to walk 10 minutes down the road by ourselves, a great reward at the time, to the neighborhood grocery to buy a candy bar and a drink. Even though my mother taught me about safety and cautioned me about strangers, I believe that my childhood has made me a very friendly, trusting person. There was never a worry of crime in my neighborhood. We were able to grow as independent children without our parents having to keep a very close eye on us every second of the day. This freedom molded me into a very trusting person today. That can be viewed both positively and negatively. On the plus side, I am a very easy person to become friends with. I trust each and every one of my friends, and I know they can trust me. I am reliable, a result of being cared for as a child. I think that many children that are neglected during their youth become far less trusting and reliable further on in life. I see the innocence in each person I meet, allowing a personal relationship to create at the first hello. This has opened a wide array of friends for myself, which I feel extremely lucky to be blessed with. On the other hand, my naivety tends to come into play along with the trust. Although I’m not proud to say it, I can definitely say that I have been taken advantage of in several instances by those who were not worthy of my trust. This has happened at school and in the workplace. It is hard for me to judge whom I can trust, and I do not like to think negative thoughts about a person when considering them as a friend. This strong sense of trust could also put me into danger in the future, with strangers or while I am alone. All in all, I believe my circumstances as a child have helped form my identity today. I would not change who I am, and do not regret growing up where I did. I formed dependable relationships that I will have throughout life and memories that will never perish.

Analysis Of Hawthorne s The Forest - 1013 Words

Another aspect of Hawthorne’s ancestors is that they were Puritans. The Puritan belief is finely interwoven in his story. According to Michael E. McCabe, â€Å"Puritan doctrine taught that all men are totally depraved and require constant self – examination to see that they are sinners and unworthy of God’s Grace† (1). Brown’s experience in the forest, is, in a sense, not a dream. Instead, Brown is looking deep into his soul in search of the inner evilness and whether he is worthy of â€Å"God’s Grace.† The fact that his wife and the holy men of the community are in the forest is more a projection of his own evilness onto others. When he finds Faith’s pink ribbon in the forest, it was as though his least thread of faith was gone, and he cries out,†¦show more content†¦This requirement is why Brown doubted everyone including himself. This requirement is how so many lives were lost in the Salem Witch Trials. â€Å"In the Witch Trials men turned on their accused wives just as Goodman Brown himself has lost both his spiritual faith and his wife Faith because of something that may not have happened† (McCabe 5). This was how the Witch Trials became so large. â€Å"The Salem Witch Trials began in 1692† (Nick T. 1). What is ironic, in my opinion, is that the accusations began by three young girls. Why anyone would take accusations of this sort seriously, is incomprehensible. However, these girls, â€Å"screamed, threw things, uttered peculiar sounds and contorted themselves into strange positions† (Nick T. 2). Of course, it did not help matters when, â€Å"the local doctor blamed the supernatural and proclaimed that the community had a witch in its midst† (Nick T. 2). A diagnosis of this sort, today, would be a laughing matter. However, to the Puritans, this was very serious. These girls accused many women and even a few men of being witches. Hawthorne’s great grandpa, J udge John Hathorne, played a major role in the trials. Just as Brown has a dream or vision, Judge Hathorne allowed these dreams as real evidence against the accused. Imagine brown accusing his whole community and his own wife of witch craft. They would have all been hung, based on his â€Å"spectral evidence.† â€Å"Many of the