The Development Of Free International Trade - 1385 Words

International trade implies the openness of the economy. It is the antithesis of self-sufficiency economy, where a country can own efforts to cover all the needs of its citizens. Currently, the development of an open economy can be seen in many countries. The advantages of this trend are simple: international trade in general defines the standards of the world market and couples with the reduction in the cost of goods. This happens due to the increased specialization in the distribution of production, which allows to allocate resources in the most rational way and encourages competition between domestic and foreign producers, which improves the quality of products. Open trade improves the investment climate and stimulates the inflow of†¦show more content†¦Among the indicators of participation in international trade: increasing the share of imports in GDP - this ratio is defined as the import quota. The ratio of exports to gross domestic product is defined as the export quot a. Thus, the value of import and export quotas shows the country s involvement in world trade. An example with of with a high export quota is Belgium. Export quota is 80%, according to the portal of foreign trade activities. The export quota means that Belgium allocated a certain quota that limits the amount of export supplies of certain goods. It is necessary as a mean to stabilize the prices of these commodities, as Belgium is dependent on their exports. Trade turnover in Belgium in 2013 was 694.4 billion euros. And it was 688.3 billion euros in the same period of 2012. According to the National Bank of Belgium, the basis of Belgian exports in 2013 were chemical and related industries, which accounted for 23.2% of total exports† . Moreover, in Belgium, the export structure is also prevailed by commodities such as mineral products (13.4%), machinery and equipment (10.3%), and vehicles (9.8%) . The bulk of foreign trade operations of Belgium performs with the EU countries, whose shares in exports is 69.8%. The majority of Belgian exports (16.8%) are sold to Germany (59.5 billion. Euros)† . Thus, we see that the volume of Belgium export increases. Belgium in the structure of world

John Howards Men Like That Book Review Essay - 1129 Words

Howard, John. Men Like That: A Southern Queer History. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1999. (hb). ISBN: 0-226-35471-7. John Howard in his 1999 book Men Like That: A Southern Queer History explores gay and transgendered male-male sexual desire and actions that goes beyond self- identification as being gay and includes those men that are â€Å"like† that and self -label as gay, as well as men who â€Å"like† that and engage in homosexual activity but do not consider themselves gay. Howard aims for a more accurate accounting of homosexual desire in Mississippi during the postwar years after World War II and through the mid 1980’s and does not want to â€Å"†¦simply†¦recuperate past figures previously lost to history, but also to†¦show more content†¦15). Another factor involved in allowing the spaces to be used for male-male sex is Howard’s idea of silent accommodation by the community around them. While gay men didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t necessarily come out of any closet, neither did those around him ridicule, shame or shun him because of his desires. As Howard writes; â€Å"†¦silence not only deflected the sometimes harmful repercussions of disclosure, it created psychic space for individual contemplation and affirmationâ€Å"(p.32). The oral histories taken by Howard of Chuck Plant and Fitz Spencer illustrate his points regarding silence creating space for contemplation as Chuck is molested by an older male driver on a rainy afternoon. Chuck wonders if he should say something to someone but â€Å"†¦I finally decided not to say anything to anybody. I have no regrets about that† (p.7). Fitz is given oral sex by one of the resident priests at the church his family attends and he believes that another priest there as well as all of the boys were aware of what was happening. â€Å"I took it more seriously than the others did. They used to giggle about it† (p.9). Fitz also dec ides to say nothing. In chapters two and three titled â€Å"Sites† and â€Å"Movements† respectively, Howard makes the case that there is a â€Å"dialectical† relationship between the subject and the landscape (both social and physical) andShow MoreRelated Schizophrenic Creativity in Nasars A Beautiful Mind and Ron Howards Movie2030 Words   |  9 PagesSchizophrenic Creativity in Nasars A Beautiful Mind and Ron Howards Movie In Ron Howards (2001) A Beautiful Mind, Russell Crowe gives life to Sylvia Nasars depiction of the schizophrenic genius John Nash in her novel of the same title. Both Nasar and Howard try to depict Nashs creative genius in an effort to unlock understanding of the creative process. 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The Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality of a Green Building Free Essays

THE EFFECT OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF A GREEN BUILDING TOWARDS ITS USER’S/OCCUPANT ‘S LEVEL OF COMFORT LITERATURE REVIEW Green edifices need an attack including consideration towards wellness and well-being of the residents in every facets of the build undertakings, non merely for the single flat unit but for the full edifice, based on a wider context about the environment and the community about. This affair can be a immense attack which need an incorporate thought for the designers, interior decorators, developers and authorities who is responsible in the community planning ( Plass N 2007 ) . Even though we are still in early phase, constructing a sustainable edifice presents is an set up construct with increasing rate of demand in most states where it is supported by authorities in Europe, America, China, Hong Kong, Japan, and Korea. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality of a Green Building or any similar topic only for you Order Now These authorities have been promoted by their several Green Building Councils. In a rate where ages is threatened by the clime presents, there is an increasing demand for energy and resource efficient edifice, but there is besides a demand to construct a healthy and comfy places that is non affected by undue emanations of harmful substances ( Yu CWF 2010 ) , blaze ( PR 2010 ) or deficient lighting ( Lim HS 2010 ) , noise ( Han MH 2010 ) , hot and cold clime ( Daghigh R 2009 ) , where residents can really experience safe, can interact with each other freely and can construct hope for our hereafter. For commercial edifices, there are studies of grounds about the environmentally certified edifices are raising in the facets of personal control, twenty-four hours lighting, thermic comfort, air quality and noise decrease which can increase the productiveness of persons in order for them to make work or concern operation ( Lee YS 2010 ) . Meanwhile this current research is besides about th e reappraisal of environmental appraisal strategies based on IEQ issues where it can give a immense impact on the satisfaction degree of residents. ( Browning W 1995 ) have made a study on the multiple pre-post observational surveies which examined the consequence on energy efficient designs on the productiveness of the workers. one of their survey is affecting an energy efficient retrofit to the Main Post Office in Reno, Nevada. A new ceiling was fitted inside the edifice for an betterment of light, temperature, and noise within the scope of mail sorting room. Productivity eventually been reported to hold the consequences in increased of 6-8 % after the retrofit installed. Similar to other single-group pre station survey of this sort, nevertheless, one ‘s demands to be more careful when saying other grounds for the ascertained addition. They besides argue about the issue of coinciding program to better productiveness in clip of the retrofit which they stated that there are none and the productiveness was ever measured. Unfortunately, the graph that they presented merely demo the elevation of the productiveness followed by retrofit. If productiveness was measured as a normal operation, it would be a sourceful information to demo the productiveness informations during the pre-retrofit period. They stated that productiveness that been acquired in Reno Office are higher comparison to other sorters in western part of United States. However, the information for this other offices are non presented. Therefore, the groundss that proves the relationship between energy efficient design and the productiveness in this survey was non strong. Furthermore, the retrofit besides mentioned about lighting, temperature and sound. So, it can be clearly said that there is non possible for imputing the study in the betterment of productiveness from the peculiar alteration, merely retrofit in general. About the same, the 2nd illustration cited by ( Browning W 1995 ) is about the Nederlandshe Middenstandbank. It involved a batch of alteration to the new building- one of it could non be claimed as unique between green edifices, whether the S-curve land program which have gardens, courtyards, eating houses and meeting suites. Along with that it is besides non possible to impute the study that stated 15 % decrease in absenteeism of green characteristics in the new edifice where the characteristics include are twenty-four hours lighting, and natural airing through operable Windowss. The 3rd illustration by ( Browning W 1995 ) was a Walmart Store which had installed fanlights at about the scope of one half of the shop. It was reported that the gross revenues ( per square pes ) was higher than other section which situated in day-lit half. However, the consequences can be given other grounds on why this state of affairs go on between the two groups of section. ( J 2000 ) had done a reviewed literature on the subject of green edifices and the resident ‘s productiveness. One of the survey that he cited is research from ( Browning W 1995 ) . Another one is from ( A 1999 ) where he concluded that comfort and productiveness that can be seen is higher in a edifice where residents have control over ambient status and where the edifice provide both natural and air conditioning. All of this research really have the same decision. ( Menzies D 1997 ) concluded that the productiveness was increased by 11 % ( if comparison with controlled groups ) for the workers that have been given full control over the entire and way of the air flow in their work infinite. ( Brager GS 1998 ) reported that there is a relationship between personal control in environmental conditions, particularly temperature and airing, and work public presentation. However, ( Brager GS 1998 ) besides noted about the research from ( Preller L 1990 ) which shows absenteeism that were related with Sick Building Syndrome ( SBS ) should be 34 % lower if the employees were giving full control over the temperature and airing. This state of affairs had produce a nexus between green edifice and productiveness which become the go-between for air quality and SBS beside comfort. From this, guided by the relationship between green edifice and IEQ ( for illustration comfort ) , it can be said that the existing cogent evidence is really weak and if there is a nexus, it is said that it was attributed to personal control on the ambient conditions. This sort of affair should be given an attending to look into whether or non soothe relates to satisfaction. In a reappraisal of environmental psychological science, ( Sundstrom E 1996 ) had underline twosome of theories which guided the research on dealing between human and physical environment subjects including the workplace. In these theories are arousal, environmental burden, emphasis and version, privateness ordinance, transactional attack, and ecological psychological science and behaviour puting theories. Hypothesis for rousing is to foretell the optimal satisfaction and public presentation while under the status of moderate rousing. This had given an sentiment on how temperature, sound and lighting can act upon the satisfaction degree and public presentation through psychosocial rousing. On overload hypothesis, people is considered holding a limited capacity to treat stimulations and information and predicted that we confront them with an overload, for illustration noise overload, where we choose in advancement for incoming information and disregarding the low-priority inputs. The research in environmental emphasis and version had recognized the relationships between temperature and sound with physiological and psychological emphasis ( for illustration chronic unwellness, and psychological impairement ) and confronting adaptative behaviours to cut down the effects/ emphasis. ( Sundstrom E 1996 ) stated empirical find in general is consistent with this hypothesis. ( Vilnai-Yavetz I 2005 ) proposed that office interior decorators should denounce the three separate rule which is the instrumentality, aesthetics and symbolism. Instrumentality is about the phase where physical property of an office supported their needful activities. Aestheticss refer to the beauty of the office. The survey besides province about the research that discover ‘beautiful ‘ suites ( as opposed to ‘ugly ‘ suites ) have a important difference on consequence to the perceptual experiences and emotions non numbering for short/long term. The 3rd rule is symbolism, which refer to the relationships that created by a infinite. the author found difference statistically between these two rules, that is instrumentality and aesthetics and occupation satisfaction and public presentation. Large part of all of the undertakings that residents in offices been through demands mental labor comparison to physical labor, where it relates with the office environment that should be more related to comfort. Furthermore, decline of interior environment will cut down the degree of capacity of the residents, where it will do the reduction of productiveness and increasing the emphasis degree. So, maintaining a better office is really important. ( Brasche S 2001 ) . As the sum-up, beside of all these groundss are still blur, there are a few of character that can be categorized as alone, or at least more common towards green constructing that have been linked to the quality of the indoor environment. Besides that, there are groundss which can associate comfort with characteristics that grant personal control towards temperature and airing. Furthermore, there are cogent evidence on how comfort is associating to workplace satisfaction. The purpose of this survey is to prove a statement, ( 1 ) green constructing create more comfy infinite ( 2 ) better comfort will steer to a higher overall satisfaction. This statement will be trial with methods of understanding the IEQ i a green edifice and how it act upon the comfort and satisfaction perceptual experience of the residents. Green edifice in this research is a edifice that situated in the locality of a metropolis in Malaysia, where Malaysia is celebrated for typical tropical clime. The variable of th e clime in Malaysia is non based on the temperature or air force per unit area but rainfall. In general, the clime in Malaysia can be describe where its coastal field temperature averaging 28 °C. With this type of clime, it will be a alone chance for this type of survey to see the mode of the IEQ of green edifices in Malaysia react to their resident ‘s degree of comfort. A, L. ( 1999 ) . UK survey links productiveness to airing systems. HPAC Magazine. 71. Brager GS, d. D. R. ( 1998 ) . â€Å" Thermal version in the reinforced environment: a literature reappraisal. † Energy and Buildings 27: 83-96. Brasche S, B. M. , Bronisch M, Bischof W ( 2001 ) . â€Å" Eye and tegument symptoms in German office workers. † Int J Hyg Environ Health 203: 311-316. Browning W, R. J. ( 1995 ) . Greening the bottom line: increasing productiveness through energy efficient design. In: Second international green edifices conference and expounding. Gaithersburg, MD, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Daghigh R, A. N. , Sahari BB ( 2009 ) . â€Å" Ventilation parametric quantities and thermic comfort of of course and automatically ventilated offices. † Indoor Built Environ 18 ( 2 ) : 113-122. Han MH, J. M. , Oh YK ( 2010 ) . â€Å" Residential and acoustic environments perceived by occupants of regional metropoliss in Korea: a instance survey of Mokpo metropolis. † Indoor Built Environ 19 ( 1 ) : 102-113. J, H. ( 2000 ) . â€Å" Green edifices, organisational success and occupant productiveness. † Building Research A ; Information 28 ( 5/6 ) : 353–367. Lee YS, G. D. ( 2010 ) . â€Å" Indoor environmental quality differences between office types in LEED-certified edifices in the US. † Building Environ 45 ( 5 ) : 1104-1112. Lim HS, K. G. ( 2010 ) . â€Å" Predicted public presentation of shadowing devices for healthy ocular environment. † Indoor Built Environ 19 ( 4 ) : 486-496. Menzies D, P. J. , Nunes F, Leduc J, Chan C-H ( 1997 ) . â€Å" Effect of new airing system on wellness and wellbeing of office workers. † Archives of Environmental wellness 52 ( 5 ) : 360-368. Plass N, K. I. ( 2007 ) . â€Å" Strategic and practical deductions in determination devising and planning for sustainability. † Indoor Built Environ 18 ( 3 ) : 204-215. PR, B. ( 2010 ) . â€Å" The impact of visible radiation in edifices on human wellness. † Indoor Built Environ 19 ( 1 ) : 8-20. Preller L, Z. T. , Brunekreef B, Bolej JSM ( 1990 ) . Sick leave due to work related wellness ailments among office workers in the Netherlands. Indoor Air ’90, Toronto. Sundstrom E, B. P. , Busby PL, Asmus C ( 1996 ) . â€Å" Environmental psychological science 1989–1994. † Annual Reviews in Psychology 47: 485-512. Vilnai-Yavetz I, R. A. , Yaacov CS ( 2005 ) . â€Å" Instrumentality, aesthetics, and symbolism of office design. † Environment and Behaviour 37 ( 4 ) : 533-551. Yu CWF, K. J. ( 2010 ) . â€Å" Building pathology, probe of ill buildings– VOC emanations. † Indoor Built Environ 19 ( 1 ) : 30-39. How to cite The Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality of a Green Building, Essay examples

Developing International Business Plan for Management Perspectives

Question: Discuss about theDeveloping International Business Plan for Management Perspectives. Answer: Financial projections of the new business: No. Worksheet for the Proposed Company a The money needed for the commencing the project is $ 183,000.00, which is needed for conducting certain expenses such as Cost incurred in market research, Equipment Purchased, Website Development, Advertising, Legal expenses, Other expenses, Furniture and Fitting. b The overall capital needed for commencing the project is financed by the partners, as there are no loans obtained for starting the proposed project. c The funds need to be financed by bank loans and seed investors for commencing the project. d The fund will be needed before the start of the project, as relevant expenses needs to be conducted by the company. e The borrowing will be rapid after the completion of fifth year, as the actual income and profits from the project is collected, which reduces the preserve on delivering the loan amount. f 40% of the venture could be sold for obtaining the required level of funds for the project. g The exit route will only be open after the commencement of third year of the project, where the investor could take the money from business. h Equipments, Furniture, and Fitting can be used as the collateral for the lease of loan i No there will be no grants or loans to help finance the business j There is not further private cash that is available to invest in the business k The key risk that might adversely affect projections of the project is the volatility from external forces and economic condition. l The reduction in cost structure and improvement in selling price could be used to minimise the negative impact from these risks Listing the key assumptions that underpin the projections for the business: The key assumptions that underpin the projection of the business is sales value, sales volume, expected sales increment, variable cost, and fixed cost. The major product sold by the proposed company is Tinhorn Creek Vineyards Kerner Icewine Oldfield Series, which is priced at the levels of $29.99. Moreover, the second product Reif Estate Riesling Icewine is priced at $29.95, which relatively summarizes the overall assumptions of sales value for the new proposed project. Though, the sales volume is also assumed in the projection, where estimated number of customers new the location, online customers and tourist are estimated to detect the sales volume. The relevant estimation for increment in sales volume is also conducted where the volume will rise by 5 % each month in year 1 and 2.5% in each month in year 2 and 5% each quarter in year 3 to year 5. However, the estimation is also conducted where no increment in sales prices is observed for the project. The relevant costing estimation is conducted for you project, where variable cost for the first year is 55% of the actual sales, while from 2nd year onwards its 50% of the actual sales. Moreover, the fixed cost estimated for the project is at the levels of $80,000 for years 1 and 2, while from year 3 to 5 the fixed cost will be $125,000. The overall estimation is mainly conducted to detect the actual revenues which could be generated by the project. Listing five factors that could adversely affect sales projections: The five factors that could adversely affect sales projects of the project is current global conditions, current industry conditions, rate of inflation, marketing efforts, and past economic performance. The identified factors might affect the sales projections and reduce viability of the investment scope from the project. The factors such as inflation and current global conditions might directly affect the actual financial performance. Armstrong et al., (2015) stated that inflation plays a viable role in identifying the financial viability of an investment, as it detects the time value of future cash projects conducted from investment. Listing five factors that could adversely affect cost and expenses projection: Labour wages, raw material cost, industrial production process, and inflation is identified, as the factors, which might affect cost and expenses projection of the project. In addition, the factors might directly affect cost projection of the project, which might hamper project projection of the new project. Moreover, the factors could adversely affect the projections prepared for the project and reduce viability of the investment scope. On the other hand, Bullough et al., (2015) mentioned that without the projection of accurate cost and expenses incurred in a project, the company could not approve its commencement. Under which of the circumstances would be the plan become unviable: The plans will only be unviable under circumstance such as increment in inflation rate, economic conditions, sales projections, and cost projections of the company. Under these circumstances the project viability will relatively reduce and hamper ability to generate adequate returns from investment. In addition, under the above circumstance plan will become unviable for the company, which might hamper the actual financial performance of the project. Increment in cost could also hamper the actual financial performance of the company, while reduction in sales volume might decline the actual revenue that might generate from the project (Burns, 2016). Detecting the measures that could be used in mitigating the risk: The use of zero based budgeting system could be conducted for reducing the negative impact of above identified circumstances. The measure could help in reducing the level of risk such as cost increment in the production functions. This use of zero based budgeting system might help in detecting the cost incurred in each process and understand the actual production cost incurred in the production system. Relevant omission can be conducted on certain activities that does not contribute to the revenue generation capability of the company. This might help in overcoming the circumstance and mitigating the risk involved in operations. The risk involved in declining demand can be supported by improving the level of customer reach by the company. The use of adequate marketing measure could eventually help in improving the level of sales, which might reduce due to the negative impact of the circumstances (Cramer, 2017). Reference and Bibliography: Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Bullough, A., De Luque, M. S., Abdelzaher, D., Heim, W. (2015). Developing women leaders through entrepreneurship education and training.The Academy of Management Perspectives,29(2), 250-270. Burns, P. (2016).Entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan Limited. Cramer, J. (2017).Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalisation: an action plan for business. Routledge. Neelankavil, J. P. (2015).International business research. Routledge. Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited.